SMOTE

class imblearn.over_sampling.SMOTE(*, sampling_strategy='auto', random_state=None, k_neighbors=5, n_jobs=None)

Class to perform over-sampling using SMOTE.

This object is an implementation of SMOTE - Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique as presented in [1].

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:

sampling_strategyfloat, str, dict or callable, default=’auto’

Sampling information to resample the data set.

• When float, it corresponds to the desired ratio of the number of samples in the minority class over the number of samples in the majority class after resampling. Therefore, the ratio is expressed as \(\alpha_{os} = N_{rm} / N_{M}\) where \(N_{rm}\) is the number of samples in the minority class after resampling and \(N_{M}\) is the number of samples in the majority class.

  Warning

  float is only available for binary classification. An error is raised for multi-class classification.

• When str, specify the class targeted by the resampling. The number of samples in the different classes will be equalized. Possible choices are:

  'minority': resample only the minority class;

  'not minority': resample all classes but the minority class;

  'not majority': resample all classes but the majority class;

  'all': resample all classes;

  'auto': equivalent to 'not majority'.

• When dict, the keys correspond to the targeted classes. The values correspond to the desired number of samples for each targeted class.

• When callable, function taking y and returns a dict. The keys correspond to the targeted classes. The values correspond to the desired number of samples for each class.

random_stateint, RandomState instance, default=None

Control the randomization of the algorithm.

• If int, random_state is the seed used by the random number generator;

• If RandomState instance, random_state is the random number generator;

• If None, the random number generator is the RandomState instance used by np.random.

k_neighborsint or object, default=5

The nearest neighbors used to define the neighborhood of samples to use to generate the synthetic samples. You can pass:

• an int corresponding to the number of neighbors to use. A ~sklearn.neighbors.NearestNeighbors instance will be fitted in this case.

• an instance of a compatible nearest neighbors algorithm that should implement both methods kneighbors and kneighbors_graph. For instance, it could correspond to a NearestNeighbors but could be extended to any compatible class.

n_jobsint, default=None

Number of CPU cores used during the cross-validation loop. None means 1 unless in a joblib.parallel_backend context. -1 means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.

Deprecated since version 0.10: n_jobs has been deprecated in 0.10 and will be removed in 0.12. It was previously used to set n_jobs of nearest neighbors algorithm. From now on, you can pass an estimator where n_jobs is already set instead.

Attributes:

sampling_strategy_dict

Dictionary containing the information to sample the dataset. The keys corresponds to the class labels from which to sample and the values are the number of samples to sample.

nn_k_estimator object

Validated k-nearest neighbours created from the k_neighbors parameter.

n_features_in_int

Number of features in the input dataset.

Added in version 0.9.

feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (n_features_in_,)

Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when X has feature names that are all strings.

Added in version 0.10.

See also

SMOTENC

Over-sample using SMOTE for continuous and categorical features.

SMOTEN

Over-sample using the SMOTE variant specifically for categorical features only.

BorderlineSMOTE

Over-sample using the borderline-SMOTE variant.

SVMSMOTE

Over-sample using the SVM-SMOTE variant.

ADASYN

Over-sample using ADASYN.

KMeansSMOTE

Over-sample applying a clustering before to oversample using SMOTE.

Notes

See the original papers: [1] for more details.

Supports multi-class resampling. A one-vs.-rest scheme is used as originally proposed in [1].

References

[1] (1,2,3)

N. V. Chawla, K. W. Bowyer, L. O.Hall, W. P. Kegelmeyer, “SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique,” Journal of artificial intelligence research, 321-357, 2002.

Examples

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
>>> from imblearn.over_sampling import SMOTE
>>> X, y = make_classification(n_classes=2, class_sep=2,
... weights=[0.1, 0.9], n_informative=3, n_redundant=1, flip_y=0,
... n_features=20, n_clusters_per_class=1, n_samples=1000, random_state=10)
>>> print('Original dataset shape %s' % Counter(y))
Original dataset shape Counter({1: 900, 0: 100})
>>> sm = SMOTE(random_state=42)
>>> X_res, y_res = sm.fit_resample(X, y)
>>> print('Resampled dataset shape %s' % Counter(y_res))
Resampled dataset shape Counter({0: 900, 1: 900})

Methods

fit(X, y)	Check inputs and statistics of the sampler.
fit_resample(X, y)	Resample the dataset.
get_feature_names_out([input_features])	Get output feature names for transformation.
get_metadata_routing()	Get metadata routing of this object.
get_params([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
set_params(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.

fit(X, y)

Check inputs and statistics of the sampler.

You should use fit_resample in all cases.

Parameters:

X{array-like, dataframe, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Data array.

yarray-like of shape (n_samples,)

Target array.

Returns:

selfobject

Return the instance itself.

fit_resample(X, y)

Resample the dataset.

Parameters:

X{array-like, dataframe, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Matrix containing the data which have to be sampled.

yarray-like of shape (n_samples,)

Corresponding label for each sample in X.

Returns:

X_resampled{array-like, dataframe, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples_new, n_features)

The array containing the resampled data.

y_resampledarray-like of shape (n_samples_new,)

The corresponding label of X_resampled.

get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)

Get output feature names for transformation.

Parameters:

input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None

Input features.

• If input_features is None, then feature_names_in_ is used as feature names in. If feature_names_in_ is not defined, then the following input feature names are generated: ["x0", "x1", ..., "x(n_features_in_ - 1)"].

• If input_features is an array-like, then input_features must match feature_names_in_ if feature_names_in_ is defined.

Returns:

feature_names_outndarray of str objects

Same as input features.

get_metadata_routing()

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest

A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

set_params(**params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

Examples using imblearn.over_sampling.SMOTE

Benchmark over-sampling methods in a face recognition task

Benchmark over-sampling methods in a face recognition task

Compare sampler combining over- and under-sampling

Compare sampler combining over- and under-sampling

Bagging classifiers using sampler

Bagging classifiers using sampler

Evaluate classification by compiling a report

Evaluate classification by compiling a report

Metrics specific to imbalanced learning

Metrics specific to imbalanced learning

Plotting Validation Curves

Plotting Validation Curves

Compare over-sampling samplers

Compare over-sampling samplers

Usage of pipeline embedding samplers

Usage of pipeline embedding samplers